Category Archives: Myths

Sacred narratives

盘古开天辟地

Pangu opens the Earth and Sky

Nationality: Chinese

Age: 59

Occupation: Unemployed

Residence: Shangyu, Zhejiang, China

Date: 04/05/2025 

Language: Mandarin

Description 

It’s been a long time, so I don’t remember this story well. We don’t tell these stories often because everyone knows them. I need to think… it’s about Pangu, he was a giant who created the world. He was the first being, and he was sleeping in an egg, and the egg represented chaos and disorder, and there was nothing but chaos. He has an axe, and… first he was frustrated because he couldn’t make sense of anything. Or did he wake up? I’m not sure. I don’t know. But at some point, he took his axe and swung at the chaos around him as hard as he could, then… the egg was sliced open, and it was really loud, like an explosion. After this, Pangu is no longer inside chaos. But he realized that the two halves of the egg were going to close up together again, so he raised his arms and stomped his feet and held the top half up while standing on the bottom half. The top is sky, the bottom, well, is the earth. And he stood for a long time, until the two halves wouldn’t ever come together anymore. Then he collapsed because he was too tired, he just laid down and he died. But there’s more. Parts of his body all became different things in the nature…natural world. His blood became the river, his sigh became the wind, the sound he made when he fell is the lightning… and then… and then what? I don’t remember the rest. That’s just how it goes. Pangu. 

Subject’s Opinion

Interviewer: If you don’t believe in the story, why do you think people still spread them? 

Subject: It’s a good story, it’s very melancholy. I think people enjoy telling it. And having one main God to think about when they think about the Chinese Gods, with the heavenly Gods and everything, when there’s so many of them. And, well, it’s a myth, so you tell it to Children so they understand the world a little better. 

Analysis

The popular Chinese creation myth of Pangu is commonly regarded as the origin story of the Chinese people. Pangu is often regarded as a martyristic figure, as the spirit of sacrifice is highly noble in Chinese culture. The myth is undoubtedly a sacred truth, as it sets the stage for countless myths to come. Though the subject’s rather indifferent towards the truth value of the myth, her vivid telling is indicative of the rich cultural heritage that Pangu is a part of. Pangu’s actions of holding two boundaries apart invite further exploration of our discussion of “the liminal’, the space in which the most disruption and change can happen. By creating a liminal space, Pangu then creates the world as the Chinese people know it, which communicates a powerful and frankly universal perception of the world not as a binary, but the endless possibilities between two ends. 

Hanukkah Harry

Nationality: American
Age: 18
Occupation: College Student
Residence: Chicago
Language: English

Text

“Hanukkah Harry”

Context

The informant was always really sad because she felt that she missed out on Santa and Christmas traditions. She wanted to experience the joys of Christmas and the excitement her friends got from when Santa would visit their homes. Her parents were big on tradition and holiday spirit so they introduced Hanukkah Harry. Every year they bake hamantaschen and challah bread, and they lay both out for Hanukkah Harry along with letters. According to her parents, Hanukkah Harry comes and lights all the menorahs in the house. The next evening when it’s the first night of Hanukkah he would write notes to her and her brother along with giving them a dreidel, similarly to Santa giving presents.

Analysis

Hearing this folk narrative was interesting to me because I am Catholic so it sounded similar to the idea of Santa. She was able to have a better experience on the holiday because of Hanukkah Harry, being able to relate to more people about her experience, and not feel as if she was missing out. It’s a contemporary legend due to the fact that it was introduced through Irv Korman’s book along with SNL back in the late 1980s. I truly think having these legends makes celebrating the holiday when younger more eventful and spiritual, this legend helps to feed into the Hanukkah spirit and joy




Tahoe Tessie

Nationality: American
Age: 19
Occupation: College Student
Residence: Bay Area
Language: English

Text

“Tahoe Tessie”

Context

There is a creature that lives in Lake Tahoe named Tahoe Tessie. The creature hides deep in the water and only appears on specific days but you usually can’t see it because it’s too deep. It has existed for hundreds of years and no one really knows what it looks like. However, many people describe it as having a long neck similar to a sea serpent. The informants dad told him this story when he was a kid while they were on family trip to Lake Tahoe. The father mostly shared it with him and his brothers, making them feel anxious especially before going swimming or skiing on the lake. Every summer his dad would tell this story again and again as it became a special tradition for their family when at the lake. At that time the informant trusted his dad causing him to be afraid of the water. He remembers feeling scared to go too far while water-skiing because he was nervous of the monster hiding underneath the water. As he grew up he understood that this was likely just a story his dad made up to entertain them and make our vacation more enjoyable. When his dad was a kid he heard different versions of this legend from people nearby, so he was able to create his own variation of the story.

Analysis

This story illustrates how myths can be passed down from generation to generation being altered by each person telling it, they don’t always stay the exact same. As the story stated his dad was taught this when he was younger and now he passed it to his son, allowing the legend live on. His whole family is able to enjoy the story, and relate it to a specific trip. Now, when they go to tahoe he is probably reminded of this legend. This legend is a historical legend as water spirits have been a legend for many centuries. The creature itself is a mythical creature while the whole narrative is a legend.

Lulu Khor Khoreh

Age: 20

Text: According to the subject, a creature that is prominent within Persian folklore is a creature named Lulu Khor Khore. Described as a hairy, hideous, monster-like creature, Lulu Khor Khore hides in the dark corners of childrens’ rooms – whether that be under the bed, in their closet, or just simply in the shadows. She explained that as an evil entity, Lulu Khor Khore knew when children had been bad; if they disobeyed their parents, talked back, or just misbehaved, he would snatch them away in the middle of the night and the children would never be seen again.

Context: The subject heard this story often from her father when she was growing up. Her father, from Iran, would remind her that Lulu Khor Khoreh knew when she was misbehaving and not listening to her parents – he warned would warn her that if she kept acting out he would steal her away in the middle of the night, and there would be nothing he or she could do to stop it (unless she started listening and behaving). She remembers hearing about Lulu Khor Khoreh often whenever she didn’t want to practice the violin and would try to hide in her room to avoid her lessons. As she grew up, she heard less and less about Lulu Khor Khoreh (much to her relief, as she told me she truly was scared of the thought of him, let alone being carried away in the middle of the night by him); she explained to me that this story was just a means of getting children to behave – kind of like Santa Claus, or Baba Yaga. 

Interpretation: I believe that the subject is very much correct in her observations – despite the fact that Lulu Khor Khoreh himself is unique to Persian culture, the overarching idea or purpose that he serves is one that can be found across time and the globe. His story is a means of getting children to behave and listen to their elders.

No Pork on the Pali Highway

Age: 19

Text: This subject discussed her experience with the Hawaiian legend/superstition that one can’t take pork across the Pali Highway in Oahu. According to her, if you were to drive across the highway with any sort of pork product, your car would mysteriously break down or some other form of bad luck would befall you and your passengers. The subject stated that this was a belief that people took very seriously, even opting to go around the long way via an alternate route – the Likelike Highway – if they absolutely want to bring pork products home or just transport them. She also explained that this superstition was based on the mythological story of the goddess Pele (the goddess of volcanoes) and Kamapua’a (a half-pig demigod) and their failed relationship. She said that the way her father explained it to her is that the two divine beings made a pact to keep away from each other after their breakup and stay on their respective sides of the island. So, if one were to bring pork across the Pali Highway, they would symbolically be bringing Kamapua’a to Pele’s part of the island, which would make her mad. As such, Pele would bring some sort of misfortune onto the traveller as a punishment.

Context: A native to Hawaii, this subject first came across this myth when she drove across the Pali Highway with her dad. He told her the story not because they were bringing pork products with them, but just because he thought it might interest her; she remembers being worried that the goddesses’ wrath would apply if someone had also recently eaten pork (as she had that day), but her dad told her that it didn’t count. She believes that this myth exists because the mythology of Hawaii and its many dieties is very important to the natives. As such, she believes the superstition is a byproduct of respect for the religion/spirituality than it would be just a mere silly explanation for why some cars happened to break down on the highway by chance.

Interpretation: I think that this myth is a way of creating a sort of graspable or tangible connection between the land and the mythos behind it – or at least to the divine beings that inhabit it. I believe it also provides an explanation that locals might connect to more as to why their vehicles would mysteriously break down along the highway. It also helps keep the mythology alive, as it blends traditional narratives of the gods with modern day technologies and modes of transportation. It’s a useful means of passing down the histories and practices associated with this spirituality/religion/culture of native Hawaiians and ensuring its continued existence and belief.