Category Archives: Legends

Narratives about belief.

Charro Negro

Text:

A man on a horse makes a deal with the devil to save him from his crippling debt. After he makes the deal, he manages to pay off his debts but dies. However, his soul still rides on a horse doing the devil’s bidding and offering greedy individuals gold in exchange for their souls.

Context:

The informant heard this story from his mother, who is from Puebla, a city in Mexico.

Analysis:

From what I heard, I believe the legend reflects Mexico’s values around morality, greed, and justice. Because it is said that El Charro Negro comes to those who are greedy or desperate and offers wealth in exchange for their souls, it can be interpreted as a warning against moral corruption–material gain without integrity will come with a heavy, often dangerous price. This makes sense, as the tale emerged during the colonial times and blends indigenous beliefs with Catholic influences, such as a pact with the devil.

Arirang

Text:

Arirang is a traditional Korean ballad that is thought to have originated from a folktale–the true origins, however, are unknown. The name of the ballad comes from a legend of a man and a woman who fell in love while picking flowers near a lake called Auraji(아우라지). The name “auraji” comes from the Korean word “eoureojida” (어우러지다) which loosely means “be in harmony” or “to meet”. The man and the woman lived on opposite sides of the Auraji, to longed to be united. In his yearning, the man attempts to cross the Auraji, but drowns. However, while he’s drowning, he sings the song Arirang to his lover in an attempt to console her.

Context:

The informant heard this song simply as she was growing up in Korea. During her childhood, Korea was going through an economic, social, and cultural crisis, and many people were still remembering the ghosts of the Korean War a few decades prior.

Analysis

Today, Arirang typically is seen as a song that represents the people’s wishes to reunite North and South Korea. The lyrics and melody carry the Korean concept of han(although this is a post-modern interpretation of the ballad, as han originates from colonial Korea in the 20th century), which is the concept of a collective feeling of sorrow or resentment, grief, and longing in the face of hardship. This is especially symbolic, as Korea has had a long history of political turmoil, and carries most recently the scars of Japanese colonialism, but still prioritizes unity and perseverance even with these challenges.

Because Arirang is a relatively old ballad–it’s thought to be at least 600 years old–I find it interesting that it is still relevant today, despite there being over a thousand different variations of it. It’s seen as a protest song, an unofficial anthem of resistance over (dictatorial) authority), but its lyrics tell a touching, mournful story. I personally see it as the people telling others that only by uniting and remember their past can they overcome hardship(this goes hand-in-hand to the idea that folklore helps with identity on a national level).

La Llorona

Text:

“Lla Lorona is a weeping ghost who can be found next to bodies of water, like lakes or rivers. She’s constantly crying because she can’t find her children who drowned years ago. If a child walks by the body of water she’s in, she’ll mistake them for her dead children and drag them into the body of water with her.”

Context:

The informant heard this story from their parents, as well as family members from Mexico, when they were a young child.

Analysis:

At its core, La Llorona seems to serves as both a moral warning and a cultural reflection: it reinforces traditional roles by portraying the ultimate punishment for failing in one’s duties as a mother, which is a theme that is shared between many cultures. However, this legend also symbolizes deeper historical and emotional wounds. One possible interpretation is that she represents the collective trauma of colonization—her cries echoing the pain of indigenous peoples who lost their families, land, and identity, serving as a metaphor for cultural loss. She is implied to be a woman of Latin heritage in a time of colonialism, where white men held all the power, and her tragic fate is directly tied to the racist system she existed in. Therefore, she represents the “bane” of an elite, white male demographic in a society where their power and influence finds its foundations in the oppression of those deemed “other”.

The Legend of La Llorona

Nationality: Mexican
Age: 24
Occupation: College Student
Residence: Los Angeles, CA
Language: English

Legend:

“The most popular legend in Mexico is “The Legend of La Llorona.” That of a lower class woman who fell in love with a wealthy man, who was already married. This woman had two children with him, and hoping he would leave his wife, she lost control one day. Filled with despair, she decided to drown her children in a river, and, since then, her soul wanders in sorrow through the streets every dawn, mourning the murder of her children. La Llorona walks each night with disturbing cries of regret, saying “Ay mis hijos!” which means “Oh, my children!” Dressed in a white gown that covers her entire body, down to her bare feet. There are those who say they have seen her: according to them, the ghost also has long hair, and her face resembles a skull. Many have also claimed that this woman also attacks midwives, doctors, and nurses who help pregnant women end the lives of their unborn babies.”

Context:

My informant told me that many Mexican legends are passed down from generation to generation, taught in class, or even shared from neighbor to neighbor on the street. She had heard this legend on the playground when she was 6-7 years old. She said that children would share this legend with each other as a way to frighten other children.

Analysis:

In class, we read an article and talked about the legend of La Llorona. In the article “The Politics of Taking: La Llorona in the Cultural Mainstream,” Domino Renee Perez writes that La Llorona “wails at night as she wanders dark roads searching for her children or any other potential victims” (154). We had talked about La Llorona mainly targeting children, so this variation of the legend is interesting because it instead is about the spirit of La Llorona going after people who terminate their pregnancies/their unborn children. One can argue, that instead of La Llorona attacking children, she is going after people who are making the same choice she did to end (by ending their unborn babies’ lives) that doomed her to haunt the streets. This view/belief depends on one’s own view of terminating a pregnancy, but it is interesting to think about the different interpretations of the La Llorona legend. I find this variation between different versions of the legend of La Llorona fascinating.

El Callejón in Guanajuato, Mexico – The Kissing Alley Legend

Nationality: Mexican
Age: 24
Occupation: College student
Residence: Los Angeles, CA
Language: English

Legend:

“It [the tale] follows the tragedy of Carmen and Luis. They were two lovers who lived a street apart; their balconies faced each other. Carmen’s dad found out about their constant sightings that eventually turned into a relationship and in a moment of rage, he killed Carmen. After, Luis said goodbye to Carmen and then he killed himself. The legend says that if a couple kisses on the third step of the narrowest area of the alley, they will have 15 years of prosperity and love.”

Context

My informant told me that this legend is centered around a popular tourist destination in Guanajuato, Mexico. The tourist destination is an alley with stairs underneath where the two balconies face each other. Many couples walk the steps and take pictures kissing on the third step of the stairs in the alley. Couples stand specifically on the third step because, there, they are directly under the two balconies that face each other.

Analysis

When my informant told me this legend, I immediately thought of Shakespeare’s play Romeo & Juliet and the forbidden romance between the two main characters. I find it interesting that the idea of forbidden love is so appealing to a lot of people, specifically when the couple ends up ending their lives to be with each other (something the play and this legend have in common). There is something to be said about audiences enjoying a tragic love story. The idea of this legend being the thing that attracts tourists to this location reminds me of the idea of the “Legend Quest” we talked about in class. A “Legend Quest” is when people hear a legend and go on a “quest” to find out if it is true. In this case, tourists find out that if they go to the third step and kiss underneath the balcony, essentially recreating the romance between Carmen and Luis, if they will be guaranteed 15 years of love. So, they go, hoping that the legend is true.