Tag Archives: legend

Ijapa the Tortoise Legend/Tale

Nationality: Nigerian
Age: 21
Occupation: College Student
Residence: Los Angeles, CA
Language: English

Legend:

“Ijapa is a tortoise in the village and every year, the birds have a festival in the sky to celebrate some type of feast. And this festival is super coveted, like there’s lots of food and everything, and [it’s] in the trees and high up. Ijapa, who’s a tortoise, obviously can’t get to the trees, so he starts picking feathers from every bird and makes a set of wings for himself, and he flies up to this festival disguised as a bird with all these feathers that he’s gathered and goes to this banquet. At the banquet, he’s eating all their food, and somehow, someone discovers he’s not a bird and so they go around telling everyone he’s not a bird and he’s infiltrated the banquet. As each of them leave, they take one feather [from Ijapa’s set of wings] and fly away. So, because Ijapa is so big-backed [informant’s words], hungry, and greedy, he’s staying late and doesn’t realize [the birds] are taking his feathers. By the time the last guest has gone, he realizes that he no longer has his set of wings. So, he shouts down from the tree to [get] someone to tell his wife, who, I can’t remember what creature it is, but it’s another animal, that hears him shouting from the tree. He [Ijapa] tells the animal to tell his wife to come and arrange, like a bed of soft things, so that when he jumps from the tree height, he lands on the soft things. But this animal, who also does not like Ijapa because Ijapa is greedy, arranges stones instead, and mimics the voice of his [Ijapa’s] wife, saying, “Jump down! I’ve arranged the bed of soft things” and Ijapa jumps down and cracks his shell.

That’s why tortoises’ shells are cracked.”

Context:

My informant told me that Ijapa (“tortoise” in Yoruba) is a character that shows up in a lot of Yoruba stories/tales that parents share with their children. Many of the Ijapa stories are didactic and usually have some sort of moral lesson: why you shouldn’t lie, why you shouldn’t be arrogant, etc. He compared this story to the tale of the Tortoise and the Hare, explaining that there are different variations of these stories in different regions. This is the version he remembers hearing from his parents.

Analysis:

This story is very interesting because not only is it a legend about why tortoises’ shells are cracked, but it is also a tale that has a moral lesson for children. Is it likely that a tortoise was able to gather loose feathers to create wings and fly up into the trees? I think that it is highly unlikely; but the fact that the phrase “That’s why tortoises’ shells are cracked” is included after the story transforms this tale into a seemingly legendary story. This story could be true, because tortoises’ shells can be cracked. Had it been described as a story of why someone should never lie or be greedy, then this would not be considered a legend. In my opinion, this story does not necessarily clearly fit in to one category of a legend or a tale. There is the part about why the tortoises’ shell is cracked, which shifts the story into the legend category, but then there is the moral lesson of why someone should not lie or be greedy, as well as the tortoise flying into the tree, which is more commonly found in tales.

The Legend of Hooper’s Hollow

Nationality: American
Age: 57
Occupation: Dance Studio Owner
Residence: Downers Grove, IL
Language: English

Legend:

“There’s a beautiful park in between where my neighborhood was and the school that I went to, so, a lot of kids would like to cut through the park. Well, in 1979, there was a boy coming home from hanging out with friends one night, and he was a nice kid, 15 years old, a happy kid, and nobody to this day knows what happened, but he was murdered by being hung from that bridge over the creek [in the park]. So, he wasn’t found for almost a day, and when he was found, he had a huge, angry look on his face, but obviously, he was dead. So, the legend goes that this boy was so happy [in general] and so upset about being murdered that his spirit stayed in the area and haunted any kids that tried to play in that creek or go over that bridge. So, once in awhile we would go there at night to see if we could feel his spirit or see his ghost; we never did, but we wouldn’t actually go over the bridge because we were too frightened.

Just adding on, I did have friends that used to claim that they would hear his voice or see, like, a hologram of him from time to time, especially at night. But, I’m sure they were making it up. ‘Cause anytime we went–which I only went a couple times [because] I was too scared–I never saw any kind of ghost, or spirit, or hologram of his presence. But people used to claim that they would see him or hear his voice yelling or crying from the bridge.”

Context:

My informant told me that the boy was murdered when she was around 12 years old and it had been an anomaly in her town; children being murdered was not common. She told me that that’s the reason why this legend is so popular; the parents only talked about the boy’s murder, but the children talked about his spirit haunting the creek. Many of the children believed it and steered clear of the bridge. When asked if any adults knew about the legend, my informant said that the only reason her mother found out about the legend was through her and her younger brother.

Analysis:

What I find so interesting about ghost stories/legends is what the circumstances are that causes the ghost/spirit to haunt the specific location it is haunting. In the article we read in class about Estonian legends of ghosts, it was believed that ghosts/spirits haunted ancestral homes as a way of keeping the property in the family while the Soviet Union was trying to force Communism onto Estonians. In this legend, it is believed the boy’s spirit/ghost haunts the bridge and the creek where he was murdered as a way to keep children away from the area. It seems that his ghost is keeping the children of the town away from the creek and bridge as a way of preventing another child from meeting his same fate of being murdered. There is also the element that only children/younger people know and share this legend and not the adults. This acts as a way of frightening other children.

Sunday School Miracle

Context: “Growing up, my Dad had left the Catholic faith and my Mom was a non-practicing former buddhist. Me and my sister did not grow up religious. When we were 7 (first grade) and my sister was 2, our neighbor was a baptist and the wife would take us to Sunday school. My mom didn’t know how to dress us and would always send me in pants. One day they prayed for God to help Mom buy me a dress and then later that week, her mother took her to buy a dress. Therefore, she and her sister started believing in God in some capacity.”

Analysis:  The story is a personal story of my informant’s childhood. As the progenitor of the legend, she swears that it happened. Since she was raised completely secularly, this moment functioned as a sort of religious conversion in her life. While she is not devout or following any particular Christian orthodoxy, she still believes that some higher power exists to balance the scales of fate and reward goodness. While not quite Augustine’s Confessions, it still represents a moment that challenged and changed her secular perspective. It does share many similarities with other conversion stories, having a protagonist whose choice of faith is met with divine grace. Even to this day, the informant has a strange devotion to the idea of a higher power and good karma, which may be a vestige of her mother’s Buddhist past. 

Truthfully, I doubt that her prayers were truly answered. In actuality, it is likely that somebody just told her mother to buy her a dress for Sunday school after that ordeal. In hindsight, she likely believes this narrative too, considering even she said that she only believes in God “in some capacity.” However, the veracity of the story doesn’t matter. What really matters is that this event has helped shape my informant’s worldview since it happened. In her life, she views a “higher power” as a sort of hand on the scales of fate, helping push her life in certain directions. While she often facetiously thanks “good karma” for her fortunes, this mentality goes beyond mere jokes. This mentality has helped her cultivate a strong sense of responsibility and fairness that has turned her into a highly motivated and successful person. To her, the simple idea that God could have perhaps helped her fit in at Sunday school was enough to convince her that she had His backing to chase down her dreams. 

Emerson’s Local Witch

Context: “When I was a kid, there was a scary old lady in my neighborhood. [Amongst the kids] the story was that she was a witch. Whenever we used to go out [on our] bikes, we would never ride by her house. A couple months later, there was a kid we knew that just stopped coming to school. We were told he moved but [the local kids and I] always thought that he [had] biked by the old lady’s house and was kidnapped by the witch.”

Analysis: This legend exemplifies the idea of “children’s folklore.” As kids, we all have a less complete understanding of the world than most adults. As such, fantastical beliefs can easily disseminate to explain  certain things. In this case, to explain how an old lady could be scary and grumpy, the informant and his friends theorized and believed that she was a witch. To a child, someone randomly acting angrily or maliciously towards them is just as inexplicable as mystical lights coming from over a hill. While, as adults, we may look at this lady and think that she’s a widow or that she simply was having a bad day, the kids took this inexplicable demeanor and concluded that she had to be a witch. And as kids turned up with more and more stories of her meanness, they were transformed into memorates of the scary witch. This idea of memorates extends further into the story when the kid “disappeared.” In all likelihood, he did just move away without telling anyone; maybe there were certain circumstances in his life that he just didn’t share with others. However, this sudden disappearance was inexplicable in the minds of children. Thus, they turned to the familiar narrative of the evil witch to explain his disappearance, forming yet another memorate. Especially in the eyes of children who lack a robust understanding of the world, these folk beliefs and memorates allow them to make some sense of the world, regardless of how flawed that understanding ends up being. 

 The Cult Next Door

Context:  “So basically there used to be a cult right on [a local street] before they left because the police were investigating them. Even though The Cult [the name used to describe the complex they used to inhabit]  is abandoned, most of [the local kids] still think that some people live there. [Other kids] even said they actually saw people inside one time. What me and my friends used to do is we’d drive there at night and ding dong ditch them. One time [a friend of his] threw a rock through a window.”

Analysis: This legend is the informant’s (and my) town’s local legend. To the kids who still live there, the Cult acts like a modern rendition of a haunted house. Local kids, especially teenagers who just got their driver’s license, will go there to cause mischief and test their mettle in a scary environment. Also, just like many haunted houses, the cult remains locally infamous due to the horrors that happened within. “The Cult” was a conservative Christian sect called the Institute in Basic Life Principles that fled after allegations of sexual abuse. Locally, it is widely believed that the group took in young orphans and runaways and sexually abused them. It exists as a nasty stain on an otherwise peaceful town. In my opinion, it is this juxtaposition between peaceful town and horrifying abuse that draws so many kids seeking to partake in legend quests.  

Also, it is almost universally accepted amongst the local teenagers that people are still living in The Cult. Every now and then, kids will claim to have seen members of the cult hiding within, peeking out from windows or waiting behind the door for them to try and knock. While it is likely just kids trying to appear brave and impress their friends, these cultists act as a modern, disenchanted spin on revenants and vampires. Vampires and revenants in folklore are manifestations of unfinished business on Earth. To those who believe in them, evil doesn’t just leave the world in something as simple as death. It festers and propels a corpse to take up life and exact its will. In the case of The Cult, it is hard to just accept that something as evil as a cult of alleged sexual abusers and pedophiles can just leave its sins behind entirely and flee town. Just like the revenants, there is a folk belief in this town that The Cult is still inhabited by these evil, scary people who have returned after the organization’s “death” to haunt that property forever.