Text: “So they’re telling me that down the road, there’s a mental asylum, where a man named Jose the Ripper sneaks out every night, and as punishment for his crimes, which I don’t remember, he had his arms and legs chopped off. So he sort of scuttles around on the ground, using just his torso and then carries a knife between his teeth. And so when little children are outside at night, and they’re very quiet, they can see his glowing eyes through the bushes and the blade of the dagger being illuminated by them. And when they hear whispering and rattling wind on the windows at night, and they draw the blinds they can see the glowing eyes of Jose the Ripper as he’s about to smash through the window and murder them.
Context:
“Okay, so I was seven years old and we were staying with some family friends in Spain. I was about seven years old and I was sitting on Julio, our family friend’s lap after having dinner. My siblings were trying to scare me about being outside in the dark at night.”
“And so then, believe it or not, that scared the shit out of me when I was seven. And so I was like crying in Leo’s lap for the rest of the night.”
Analysis:
This contemporary legend imparts a moral lesson, as the informant said, to get children to not be outside during night for their own safety. It does so by tying horror tropes to localized details, the mental asylum where this mutilated killer escaped being “down the road.” The name “Jose the Ripper” is likely a reference to the 19th century British serial killer Jack the Ripper, recast across cultures.
Context: “So basically there used to be a cult right on [a local street] before they left because the police were investigating them. Even though The Cult [the name used to describe the complex they used to inhabit] is abandoned, most of [the local kids] still think that some people live there. [Other kids] even said they actually saw people inside one time. What me and my friends used to do is we’d drive there at night and ding dong ditch them. One time [a friend of his] threw a rock through a window.”
Analysis: This legend is the informant’s (and my) town’s local legend. To the kids who still live there, the Cult acts like a modern rendition of a haunted house. Local kids, especially teenagers who just got their driver’s license, will go there to cause mischief and test their mettle in a scary environment. Also, just like many haunted houses, the cult remains locally infamous due to the horrors that happened within. “The Cult” was a conservative Christian sect called the Institute in Basic Life Principles that fled after allegations of sexual abuse. Locally, it is widely believed that the group took in young orphans and runaways and sexually abused them. It exists as a nasty stain on an otherwise peaceful town. In my opinion, it is this juxtaposition between peaceful town and horrifying abuse that draws so many kids seeking to partake in legend quests.
Also, it is almost universally accepted amongst the local teenagers that people are still living in The Cult. Every now and then, kids will claim to have seen members of the cult hiding within, peeking out from windows or waiting behind the door for them to try and knock. While it is likely just kids trying to appear brave and impress their friends, these cultists act as a modern, disenchanted spin on revenants and vampires. Vampires and revenants in folklore are manifestations of unfinished business on Earth. To those who believe in them, evil doesn’t just leave the world in something as simple as death. It festers and propels a corpse to take up life and exact its will. In the case of The Cult, it is hard to just accept that something as evil as a cult of alleged sexual abusers and pedophiles can just leave its sins behind entirely and flee town. Just like the revenants, there is a folk belief in this town that The Cult is still inhabited by these evil, scary people who have returned after the organization’s “death” to haunt that property forever.
Between the ages of 2-5 I lived in Bohn with my parents and sister. My grandparents, moved to live in Bohn with us. They lived a few blocks down close to the Rhine river across from the Drachenfelse. The Drachenfelse ruins where visible from their apartment window and anytime we would drive in, out and across town. When we would drive across town I would get glimpses of it on the cross streets that led up to the Rhine. When we drove out of town it was clearly visible once the buildings faded away and the same when we would return from trip out of town.
Though they were, of course, just ruins, my grandfather and father used to tell me the tales of the dragon the lived on that hill and was slain or perhaps was just slumbering on it.
The “best” was on foggy mornings. With the clouds and fog moving across it, it gave the impression of the dragon breath or steam from the fire and even more so of the dragon moving.
I remember them telling me stories about the battle with the dragon and how it was killed.
(After asked to tell the story)
Sigfried worked for a king who had a lot of treasure and at some point found out that the king was stealing and hiding all the treasure from the people. When Sigfried confronted the king he first sent a giant to kill him but Sigfried beat the giant. He then sent a dragon to kill him being sure that it would do the trick, but Sigfried defeated the dragon as well. The legend was that the dragon wasn’t killed though and could come back.
(Photo attached from linked Google street view)
Context
The informant heard this story from their father and grandfather as a kid around three to four years old. At the time, they completely believed it and never even considered that it was just a story. Their parents did not do anything to change this and let them believe it was true. They found the hill to be scary but also fascinating and said that “I wanted to look and I didn’t want to look…fascination, fear combined with awe and excitement.” They particularly remember thinking “about “what was it like when it was alive? Would it wake up?” They also said that they were too scared to climb it whenever their father and grandfather would suggest it. They didn’t specify whether they believed it now or not but from their writing, it seemed likely they didn’t anymore.
Analysis
This story is one of many that explains a natural occurrence by creating a narrative around it. This hill, Drachenfels (meaning Dragon Rock), looks like a dragon lying down and can easily be explained with a story about a legendary person who beat the dragon. Natural formations are a good storytelling tool because everyone hearing it can see the exact thing that is being referenced. This can make the story even more real to the people who are listening and possibly help to convince them of the truth.
The story is about dragons which are very common in older legends, especially in Europe which has a long list of legends about the mythical creature. The use of dragons reflects the local culture which likely already emphasized belief in dragons when this was originally told. Other areas might have chosen a different legendary creature that was more important to their culture. The character Sigfried is known as The Dragon Slayer and appears in other Germanic legends, so his inclusion in this story about a slain dragon makes sense.
The fact that the story specifies that the dragon is not dead might play a role in why this legend was told to the informant as a child. Dragons are large and scary creatures and by telling a child, who is more likely to believe the story, you warn them against going near the hill. The hill is large, forested, and dangerous so a parent could use this story to prevent a child from going there alone. The fact that it is the parents telling the child the story would influence them more than just reading it because they would be hearing it from a trusted source. The believability of this story could also be influenced by other factors such as the time of day, proximity to the hill, and, as the informant mentioned, the presence of fog that creates the illusion of smoke and movement. In the informant’s case, the story was extremely successful as they were too scared to go on the hill, even with their parents.
Informant J is a 73 year old Mexican-American man and is the collector’s grandfather. He is from San Jose, California, but his family moved there from parts of Texas and Mexico. For the majority of his life, J was a manager at a regional grocery store, and studied art in college with a focus in jewelry making. J is now retired and his hobbies include guitar playing, metal working, and reworking vintage cars.
Text:
(Please excuse typos, this is an unaltered text message from the informant): “My parents said they were just finishing up a picnic at Alumn Rock park on the East side of San Jose and were getting ready to head home when a man who looked like he had been dug up (his clothes was old and tattered and resembled clothes from the cowboy days. He came up to their car window and just stood there not saying a word but staring in a daze. They believe it was the ghost of Juan Murrieta who lived during the late 1900’s. He was famous for robbing people in that area of the park. My dad started the car and got the hell out of there! My parents were very scared and they were familiar with the legend of Juan Murrieta and never stopped talking about the incident!”
“Ps: The cowboy did have an old style revolver as well!”
Interpretation:
I’d like to note that people often confuse Juan and Joaquin Murrieta, and that my grandpa was almost certainly referring to the latter. I did some research after being told this story, as I hadn’t heard of either figure until now. Juan was a pioneer, whereas Joaquin is a Mexican figure commonly known as the Robin Hood of the West. More specifically, stories about Murrieta rose in California during the Gold Rush. I find it interesting that my great-grandparents claim to have seen Joaquin Murrieta, because they associated something strange with something they already knew about (ghosts), and their knowledge of it is heavily influenced by culture. Even though my family was Mexican-Texan, they had heard enough about this specifically Mexican-Californian legend in the little time that they lived there that they assumed the figure was him. What’s more, this story hints at a combination of folkloric beliefs, as my great-grandparents claim to have seen a kind of undead version of Joaquin Murrieta, who is more of a legend than a popular ghost. There are debates over whether he existed, but stories of seeing him are rarer. But my great-grandparents seem to have believed in ghosts in general, so this memorate only furthered their personal view of the world.
C: “Okay, so, this happened, like, ten something years before I was born. Or maybe like five something years? My mom and dad were driving down the highway. I don’t know which highway– it was a specific highway though, they told me the name of the highway. And they were driving down the highway, and suddenly my mom sees these lights in the sky, so they pull over and there’s these like, mysterious lights. And it’s not just like a one-off flash. It’s these, like, moving patterns of glowing lights in the night sky. And my mom and dad are both looking at it, and other people have also pulled over, like, on the side of the highway to observe these lights.
Me: Oh my god! So it’s not just them.
C: Yeah, it’s not just them! And then the next day they read about it in the newspaper. Uh, so they definitely saw these moving lights, and they think it was like- they don’t know what it was because it was like- it couldn’t have been mistaken for a plane or something. It was like these moving patterns of lights in the sky.”
Context
C is a University of Southern California student from Mercer Island, Washington in the United States; his parents had this experience sometime in the 1990s (and pre-cellphones) while on their way to the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. He stated that his parents told him this story when he was around fourteen or fifteen, but clarified that it was due to his parents having many stories to tell, rather than because of any concern about his age or readiness to hear the story. When asked about his and his parents’ belief in aliens, he stated: “My mom thinks it was, like, she doesn’t know what it was, but my dad is more of a skeptic. He thinks it was definitely just like a plane or a weather balloon or something. My mom does not know what it was.”
C mentioned that he will tell this story to people if the topic of UFOs comes up in conversation, but not “out of nowhere.” When asked about his own beliefs in aliens, C stated the following: “I mean, sometimes I think people will have UFO stories and you sort of have to be polite about it. Um, I don’t- I don’t think aliens are real, but I did think it was like, pretty interesting. But I believe that they saw whatever they thought they saw.” He also stated that he looked for the newspaper article on the event that his parents claimed existed but was unable to find it.
Analysis
This memorate showcases the variety of attitudes and beliefs in the United States about aliens and the desire US society has to both prove and disprove legends. The number of other people present, the persistence of the lights, and the newspaper article allegedly written about the UFO sighting are likely mentioned to add credibility to the tale by indicating a larger network of rational peer witnesses. However, C also mentions his and his father’s explicit skepticism and his mother’s uncertainty about what actually happened, keeping the event’s supernatural element up for debate and allowing the respectful persistence of multiple perspectives within the same family. C’s mention of telling others this legend when discussing UFOs also indicates the memorate’s personal value to him as a means of connecting with others over strange yet possibly shared experiences.
