Text: The Legend of Chupacabra
Context: “My parents told my sister and I about many different Spanish creatures and figures, one of them being the chupacabra. The chupacabra is a vampire-like animal that sucks on the blood of other animals. I grew up on a farm, so we had pigs and cows that we took care of. My sister and I grew up with the fear of the chupacabra attacking our animals, so we had to be extra cautious at the farm. My parents made us have a bucket of water beside the animals, because allegedly, chupacabras are scared of water, and pouring water on them would “drown” them. One time, one of our cows got mange, and my sister and I were so worried that a chupacabra attacked him. It took us a while to get over our fear because we genuinely believed that they were coming to suck the blood of our animals. We realized later on that our parents told us this story for two reasons. The first is, even though I’m Mexican, I did not grow up speaking Spanish well, and my parents were worried I would not have a strong connection to my ethnicity. They told my sister and I this story as a way to understand our culture more. The second was more for teaching purposes, as they wanted us to learn how to take care of our animals properly and be extra cautious in order to prevent them from getting diseases.”
Analysis: This story about the chupacabra is a classic legend. The chupacabra is a folkloric, legendary figure based on Spanish culture. This creature exists in the real world, but the truth value behind it is unknown.
The actions described in the story is an example of ostension, as the belief has led to real actions. The interviewee placed water buckets next to the animals because they believed it would protect them in case they had to come in contact with a chupacabra. Even though this protection mechanism has no scientific evidence or reasoning, it gives the family a sense of control. When one of the cows got mange, the chupacabra was blamed, which shows how folklore can become a cultural model that explains misfortune and negative consequences. Folklore can work as a way to try to explain the unexplainable. Although the legend may not seem believable, the belief is contextual. Since the interviewee grew up on a farm where hsi animals encountered unknown illnesses and death, the legend was a way to explain this.
The story is also an example of polygenesis, as there are similar stories of blood-drinking animals in many different cultures. For example, the most notable one I could think of is vampires in European culture. It is also often compared to Sasquatches, which are another common predatory figure. These creatures are a reflection of shared fears among different cultures. For example, the sickness and death of animals and humans due to environmental experiences. Without scientific knowledge of why this happened, people turn to folklore to explain it. Many cultures experienced this fear, which is why they came up with legendary creatures, and as a result, the creation of allomotifs. These narrative figures fulfill the same role within their cultures, but are slightly different based on the region.
As the interviewee mentioned, the story also reflects the role of folklore in intergenerational education. By telling their children stories about chupacabras, the interviewee’s parents are not only passing down a story, but also teaching them how to care for their animals. The legend is able to shape the behavior, as a memorable narrative can be more effective than instruction.