Korean Military folk dish: gundaeria

Text: ***google translated from Korean to English via google translate

Informant:

“Back when I was in the military 30 years ago, our country was slowly becoming a developed nation. As a result, the military decided to copy foreign armies and offer a wider variety of food option. Western-style dishes began appearing on the menu on weekends. That dish was the “gundaeria” – essentially a chicken patty and some shredded lettuce inside a hamburger bun. It didn’t taste particularly good, but it was a welcome change from the usual rice and soup, and since it was something you could only get while in the service, it’s something I Iook back on in a bittersweet way. When I first saw it, it felt like nothing more than a cheap imitation of a real hamburger. As for the taste? It tasted like shit. Looking back now, even that has become a cherished memory”

Context:

The informant is a 51 year man born and raised in South Korea. As a South Korean male, he was required to serve in the military, and he served in the Korean army from October 1994~ December 1996 after his freshman year in college. This topic came up when we were talking about military food, when I told him about my worries for food quality at my military training center for ROTC. As shown in his words, his first impression was not particularly good, but it has become one of his core memories from his time in the military.

Analysis:

In my opinion, this piece of food folklore serves great historical value that helps one understand the culture and history of South Korea. Historically, as South Korea rapidly industrialized and grew its economy following its desolate state after the Korean War, issues in human rights, free speech, and democracy were often suppressed by force to prioritize improving its world image as a developed nation and growing the economy. Likewise, this dish symbolizes this trend of Korean history, as it was introduced to mimic the Western and developed countries South Korea strived for, but its inner truth of cheap ingredients could not be masked, as shown from the informant’s distaste for the actual dish.

Despite its horrid taste, however, its exclusivity of only being served on weekends and contrast from traditional military meals created the dish’s significance for soldiers during their service, and gundaeria’s distinct taste only being something you could taste in the military made it an unforgettable memory for veterans at that time like my informant. Hence, just like this famous Ratatouille scene where the critic is blown away by the dish’s ability to bring back nostalgic memories, it goes to show that folk dishes can become significant not just for its taste, but for the nostalgic values it brings. Moreover, this exclusivity surrounding this food also becomes something that only the Korean military veterans folk group can relate to, serving as a group marker. In short, while it may not be remembered for taste, gundaeria is a folk dish that provides historical commentary and a reminder of shared experiences.

“It’s brick outside”

Text

In New York City, locals have a slang they commonly use, where they say “it’s brick outside”, which is used to describe the weather as cold. From the informant’s understanding, it came from the idea that during winter, the bricks of many New York homes (since brick townhouses are common in the city) get very cold due to the fact that they have little to no base insulation. As such, the slang is drawing a comparison to say that the general feeling of being cold is similar to touching a cold brick.

Context

The informant is 21 year old USC student pursuing a double major in finance & accounting, and East Asian languages and culture. He is a NY local born and raised, and says that the slang was just something he picked up naturally from living there. I had recently seen a video of New Yorkers and noticed their distinct accent and slang, and asked the informant if he would be open to sharing any New York slang he used.

Analysis

Among the many New York slangs that exist, “brick” stands out to me for its folkloric and regional significance. The origin of “brick” being based on the regional climate of New York and city’s distinct architecture of brick townhouses makes it a perfect representation of the city’s defining characteristics. Additionally, the fact that the informant picked up the slang naturally from living in the city shows the slang has been integrated within the city seamlessly, and is another example of how folk speech can be passed on informally and become a part of everyday routine.

To add, when considering that this slang is essentially a metaphor that compares the weather to how cold bricks get, the way this slang is used in simple, short phrases (i.e “it’s brick outside”) rather than longer simile-like phrases (i.e “it’s as cold as a brick outside”) also demonstrates New York culture, in my opinion. In such a crowded and bustling city like New York, locals are often known to be very fast talkers and this slang and how it is used in sentences match the fast-paced culture of the city.

Pig Dream

Age: 51

Text: My family informant told me about a long-standing superstition among Koreans, in which having a dream about a pig is viewed as an omen for good luck, particularly for money.

Context: This superstition was told to me by my father over the phone when the topic of dreams came up. He mentioned having a dream with a pig appearing in our apartment, and regretted not being able to buy a lottery ticket the next day, as the dream slipped his mind as he carried on throughout his day with work and other responsibilities. He explained that in Korean culture, a pig dream is seen as a good omen for financial success, and it can be deduced from his regret that he shared this same interpretation. While he could not recall where he first heard this superstition, he said that most people who were born and grew up in Korea know about this superstition. Later on, he sent a Korean blog post that explained the origins of the superstition, with the blog explaining the linguistic background of the pig superstition. Before Korean (Hangul) was created, Koreans used Chinese letters (Hanja), and they noticed that the Chinese word for pig (don) sounded just like the word for money (also don) in Korean.

Analysis: This is an example of a traditional folklore in which its origin cannot be pinpointed to a specific person or time, and is transmitted orally from my informant to me. At a surface level, beyond the language explanation, I could see why a pig dream could be interpreted as fortune. With Korea having a history of famines among the commons, the physical traits of a fat and well-fed pig naturally makes it a symbol of prosperity. In fact, in North Korea, where its aspects like famines and strict social hierarchies mirror previous Korean kingdoms, beauty standards share themes with this pig superstition. While South Korea obsesses over skinny figures, a round face and “healthy” body is seen as beautiful in North Korea, as it signals the individual as well-fed and wealthy. Overall, I believe this pig superstition’s origins offers an interesting cultural and historical insight of Korean communities from its origin that came from a wordplay between two languages, and symbolisms that stemmed from a struggling society.

Driving good luck charm

Text: One of my classmates in my discussion section told me about a tradition she follows while she drives, in which when one of her headlights go out, she taps on the ceiling and center console once for good luck. She recounted that this was an action she saw her mother do when she was younger, and as she learned about why her mother did this, she followed the tradition when she was old enough to drive.

Context: My informant is a sophomore at USC majoring in accounting. She is a local student from LA, and we shared this conversation during our anthropology class’s discussion about protection rituals. As recounted in the text, my informant heard this from her mother, and integrates this ritual into her daily driving routine.


Analysis: While this story centers mainly around protection, I believe it falls into a common genre of how many people look towards outside/higher power in the face of uncertainty. Just as how it’s a common action in movies for a soldier to kiss their cross prior to being deployed, the uncertainty and increased chance of accidence that comes from a car malfunction like a headlight going out is daunting, and having this tradition that you believe will bring good luck can help ease that uncertainty and provide a sense of protection. As such, this folklore exemplifies one of the functions it could have, particularly as it relates to belief and easing worries.

Anhui Province Legend

Age: 18

TEXT

Interviewer: “Okay, would you like to introduce yourself?”

MC: “Yeah, hi, my name is ANONYMOUS, and I’m a freshman student at USC University.”

MC: “My story is set in a park in my hometown, and in the park, there’s a trail and along the trail there’s a cave called the cow nose cave. This cave has two holes that are kind of shaped like a cow’s nose, and there’s a legend about how it’s dangerous if you put your arm or fingers into the hole, as there might be a very mysterious force that basically sucks your whole arm in and it can be very dangerous. So kids are advised not to put their arms into the hole.”

Interviewer: “Was that a story, or like a legend that was always around or more of a family legend?”

MC: “It’s known in our region and it started like – actually I don’t know when it started but I heard it from my parents.”

Interviewer: “Ohhh I see.”

MC: “Yeah they told me not to put my arms in there, yeah.”

CONTEXT

My relationship with this informant is that she is my classmate for this anthropology lecture. My informant is an international freshman student at USC, originally from China. As mentioned in the text, her relationship to this piece stems from her hometown, in which a notable landmark has a surrounding legend that was passed down to her by her parents.

ANALYSIS

Considering this piece is set in the real world and tied to a real location, this is a legend that functions as a cautionary tale for children. In my opinion, it’s plausible that this legend started from a worried parent who could not supervise their curious children 24/7 – rather than explaining all the actual dangers of sticking your arm into an unknown hole, like injuries from getting stuck or getting bit by creatures that may be inside, replacing this with a supernatural force is a more vivid and memorable warning to children. As this legend spread informally to other children and generations after, a cultural value that may come specifically for this region in China is that an ordinary cave is now enshrined forever as a supernatural landmark with a distinct legend.