Author Archives: Montana Paxton

Sports Hoodie

Nationality: American
Age: 20
Occupation: Student
Residence: United States
Language: English

Text:

“Anytime ACFC is playing I have to wear my ACFC hoodie or else it’s a guaranteed loss.”

Context:

The informant started doing this in freshman year because nobody cared about women’s soccer and they wanted to market for it. They state that it’s important to them to encourage people to watch women’s soccer and also believed in doing this after wearing it watching their first game and their team won because of it.

Analysis:

This idea marks magical superstition as a ritual behavior is performed with the hopes of influencing the game. More specifically, this acts as sympathetic magic, where the action of wearing the hoodie will influence and help boost the chances of the team winning, and apotropaic magic with the idea of warding off bad luck. In addition, if the person fails to wear the hoodie then the game would be doomed from the start, creating a sense of avoidance ritual by continuously wearing the hoodie so there will be a chance for a victory. Besides representing magical superstition, this also emphasizes material culture with the hoodie. Some people, most that are outside of the sports community, would believe this to be a normal hoodie that one wears with market value, but the informant has a deeper connection to the material. They find it to have a deep personal meaning to the object that makes it invaluable and even giving power to the hoodie, which now acts as a talisman associated with good luck. This ritual behavior establishes identity with the sports folk group as well as acting as a tool that eases anxiety towards a game. It might also act as an explanation as to why a game won or failed with whether or not the hoodie was worn. Because there was a correlation between the object and the victory, the object then develops more power and is seen as something that influences the outcome of a game.

Come On! [Player’s Name]

Nationality: American
Age: 20
Occupation: Student
Residence: United States
Language: English

Text:

“One superstition is when I’m watching volleyball and our team is serving I have to say ‘Come on’ and player’s name before they serve but I can only say it once and then if I do that then it won’t be a server’s error.”

Context:

The informant says they started doing this in the fall watching women’s volleyball after their friend did it once and ended up getting a service ace. They then started doing this in hopes of changing the outcome of the game. It’s important to them because there are a lot of service errors in the sports games and has a need to control what can’t be controlled.

Analysis:

This represents sports behavior tied to superstitious beliefs with the sports community being the folk group and this behavior the lore. The idea is orally speaking out loud about something happening in the game in hopes of changing the outcome of the match, despite knowing that the people on the screen can’t hear you. The ritual is held verbally with its own rules and distinctions like having to say the player that is serving and only doing it once. This is similar to sympathetic magic, where the action of calling out will influence an outcome and ensure the player being able to complete the serve. They adopted it from another friend, showing how this spreads socially especially within this folk group of sports. The informant even hopes to use this to spread to those outside of their group. This makes the game they’re watching seem interactive, despite being in a completely different location with no ties to those watching. This ritual offers a chance for watchers to help their team win and give them a sense of controlling the outcome in a game that is wildly unpredictable. These behaviors are used in the sports community then to ease one’s anxiety over not being in control and the uncertainty of the future. As a psychological function, this acts as the idea of finding correlation between two events that may not have an existing connection. This behavior formed due to the fact that it worked once, inviting this idea that because it happened once it may happen again. It’s interesting as well as the tradition is both personal and communal as the action is specific enough to pertain to a few people, but it still offers connection or similarity to others’ own personal rituals to the same activity.

Knock on Wood

Nationality: American
Age: 55
Occupation: World Oil Leader
Residence: United States
Language: English

Text:

“Knocking on wood, this is believed to ward off bad luck or ensure good fortune. You knock on wood when you’re talking about something good but don’t want to jinx it so you knock on wood but if no wood is around you knock on your head. I usually use my head and knock 3 times.”

Context:

The Informant says they learned this from their grandma, but also recounts that people at work say it all the time during their meetings. They’ve had experience with this before of having bad luck if they don’t ‘knock on wood’ and really has a connection to the idea of three. They believe in this idea of bad luck in threes because it continues to happen in their life with accidents, sickness, and deaths.

Analysis:

This is represented as superstition, but more specifically, magical superstition. Magical superstition focuses on the idea of influencing an outcome with an action rather than predicting it. The idea is that if you knock on wood or your head it might influence or ward off misfortune or a ‘jinx,’ but doesn’t exactly predict it. In Frazer’s belief, this can be seen as sympathetic magic, where an action is taken to influence an outcome. Knocking on wood is apotropaic magic, a type of sympathetic magic, where the action of knocking on wood or your head will ward off evil influences or ‘bad luck.’ It’s a protective ritual with the hope of protecting one’s self from negative outcomes by knocking on wood. It’s also a very social aspect, where even the informant states that they use it with their coworkers during meetings, connecting them together with a familiar action which even becomes automatic. People might partake in this action in order to relieve anxiety and stress over possible negative future outcomes and prevent the opposite of whatever they said from coming true. The idea of knocking three times also is significant as its seen in many other cultures as well as this idea of bad luck comes in three, where knocking on wood prevents this three times.

Walking Under A Ladder

Nationality: American
Age: 55
Occupation: World Oil Leader
Residence: United States
Language: English

Text:

“There’s this belief of walking under a ladder being bad luck. One common explanation ties the superstition to medieval times when ladders were thought to resemble gallows, implying a fate of death by hanging.”

Context:

The informant says that their superstitions come from their grandma and also hears it from coworkers. They really do believe this even if it’s not true because they don’t want to test their luck, but also sees it happen a lot in their life with bad luck.

Analysis:

This represents an American superstition, where an action that we take results in this idea of ‘bad luck’ or where bad events will ensue. Specifically, this acts as sign superstition, where an action can predict an outcome It creates a sense of ritual avoidance, where people will actively avoid the action of walking under a ladder to prevent bad things from happening. ‘Bad luck’ also seems very vague and broad, meaning that this action can be attached to anything that the individual deems as ‘bad’ and use it to explain why horrible things might happen to them. From the informant, it roots back to medieval times as symbolic to gallows, where both might represent the overall idea of death. Gallows aren’t seen as often anymore so this sense of death progresses and connects to something more relevant: ladders. Unlike gallows, ladders are seen more as invitation of bad luck if one purposefully takes the action of walking under one, not necessarily that it is certain that ‘death’ or ‘misfortune’ will immediately ensue. Psychologically speaking, it acts as a way for people to be on the lookout for unfortunate events and then immediately tie it to their action that may have caused it rather than the thought of it being random. It becomes a warning to everyone to avoid walking under ladders without knowing what exactly might happen.

White Elephant

Nationality: American
Age: 65
Occupation: Unemployed
Residence: United States
Language: English

Text:

“My family has this tradition for Christmas Eve and we get everyone together at one of our houses and celebrate. Towards the end of the night we play this game called White Elephant, where everyone has to bring a wrapped gift and set it by the tree so no one knows whose gift is whose. Everyone gets a number that tells the order of who goes when. We each take turns going up and picking a random gift and then opening it up in front of everyone. There’s rules though. Someone can steal a gift from somebody else, but it can only be stolen 3 times and then it’s dead, meaning you can’t steal it anymore. It gets really competitive between everyone, but we always laugh it off.”

Context:

The informant recalls that this tradition has been going on since she was a child. It’s meaningful to them because of how connected they can feel with their family and bring everyone together, creating really happy memories of all of them. It’s also a time for them to see family that they haven’t seen in awhile and even meet new members of the family and catch up with everyone. The tradition itself helps creating these memories and positive times by doing a fun activity.

Analysis:

This resembles a ritual tradition or folk custom associated with a holiday: Christmas. It’s specific to one family, but attached to the holiday as a creative way to bring a sense of love and family to the community. It also presents as gift-giving behaviors in the format of a game with a tradition that still isn’t the same each year since different moments ensue each time the game is played. Unlike other American traditions this doesn’t bother trying to make sense of the uncertainty but rather embraces the unpredictable. It also consists of rules giving the tradition a structure that has to be followed. It acts a both a celebration for Christmas and family in the format of healthy competition that is also designed to be humorous and fair. It’s more localized as family tradition and acts as behavior that is passed down by learning from family members and watching the activity.