Tag Archives: india

Story of Rama

Text:

“There’s this other god named Rama, and he was building a bridge to, I guess, what’s now known as Sri Lanka. It was called Lanka in the book. While he was doing that, it was actually like a small squirrel, which helped him, like, roll in sand and, like, shake it into stone so that he was able to kind of create that bridge to get there, like, through stepping stones. Um, and even though, like, the squirrel literally was not able to do much—the squirrel was obviously limited by size and strength— it still was blessed by Rama because he’s a lord. Because, you know, he gave that squirrel so much of, um, you know, its spirit and its effort to do something, even if, you know, it was kind of disadvantaged by its, like, size and its strength. So it was kind of showing that, you know, sincerity, devotion, and good intentions are sometimes more important than, you know, your ability to actually get something done.”

Context:

The informant is a 20-year-old of Hindu Indian background, in which religious fables and legends are part of a broader tradition that teaches about the origins of their gods while also teaching karmic values. The story of Rama had stuck with him and was something he absorbed deeply as he grew up. He also encountered it among other Hindus is age, exemplifying how it still transmits through the community in traditional oral storytelling. 

Analysis:

This legend is part of the Vaishnava Hindu narrative tradition, in which Lord Rama — an avatar of Vishnu — becomes a central moral figure. The story functions as an etiological legend, as identified by the informant: the tale encodes central values of Hindu ethics—bhakti (devotion, selfless effort, and divine recognition)—the vehicle of the messenger, nor the strength or status confines its spiritual worthiness. The story continues to circulate within Hindu communities, to highlight the dedication of effort rather than being bound by bodily form, serving as an enduring social function that binds community members around a shared understanding.

Indian money-giving superstition

Context: The participant, my roomate (intials NS), comes from an Indian family that now lives in the Bay Area. Both her parents were born in India and partake in the pra

Text:

NS: Anytime you give money to someone for a wedding or birthday, let’s say around $100, you’re supposed to give $101 or else it’s bad luck.

Me: Who is it bad luck for: you or the person getting the money?

NS: the recipient

Me: And what is it about adding $1 that’s ‘good luck?

NS: It’s not really the $1 but when a number isn’t whole or even its harder to divide mathematically. So it symbolizes growth and prosperity.

NS: Whole numbers are like ‘flat’ and ‘finished’ so by giving a indivisible number you’re giving out wishes of growth and endless possibilities to the person.

Me: Wow, so do you partake in this or have you just grown up with people who have.

NS: Well, I don’t really give a lot of people money haha but for the Indian holiday, Raksha Bandhan, my brother gives me an uneven amount of money?

Me: Can you explain this holiday?

NS: Yeah, so a sister ties a bracelet around her brother and in return, the brother gives her money. It’s supposed to be before the brother goes off to war, and the money would help her survive if he happened to die at war. The bracelet is also supposed to be for good fortune and symbolizes their bond.

Analysis:

The practice of adding a single dollar is a type of blessing in Indian culture. In this form of numerology, a round number represents completion or a closed cycle, which can symbolically suggest the end of a relationship, wealth, or growth. By adding one, the giver creates an uneven and indivisible number that is hard to find an even split of. This acts as a catalyst for continuity, ensuring that the gift remains open and invites future prosperity to follow. It effectively shifts the transaction from a commercial payment to a sacred offering, signaling that the bond between the giver and the receiver is meant to be undying and ever-expanding.

Indian Proverb

AGE: 20

Date_of_performance: February 15, 2025

Language: English

Nationality: Indian

Occupation: Student

Primary Language: English

Residence: New York

Context: “During floods, large trees that stand erect are often washed away, while short grass remains in its place because of its flexibility. Similarly, in the floods of life, the inflexible and egotistical are swept away, while the flexible and humble endure.” A came across this proverb at a temple, and his family has taught him similar things about adapting and being humble. He interprets it as you have to have the flexibility and kindness to be able to handle what life throws at you.

I: Do you have a favorite proverb or saying?

A: Yeah, one that really stuck with me is: “During floods, large trees that stand erect are often washed away, while short grass remains in its place because of its flexibility. Similarly, in the floods of life, the inflexible and egotistical are swept away, while the flexible and humble endure.”

I: That’s interesting, where did you first see it and what does it mean?

A: I first saw it when I visited a Hindu Temple in New Jersey. It means having resiliency and humility. You need to always have an open mind and be able to adapt to what life throws your way. Never be so rigid and go with the flow.

I: Have you ever seen an example of this in real life?

A: Yeah, when searching for finance internships, usually those who are cocky or arrogant end up being the ones who can’t find one or have problems in their careers later on. 

Analysis:

I really like this proverb, and it makes sense to me. I’ve always wanted to be a humble and kind person and this proverb shows a practical reason for doing so. Not to say that I want to have these qualities just because of what I can get in return, but it shows me there are real-life benefits to being humble and quick to adapt. This ties into another phrase I’ve heard, which is “Being kind is free”. I want to remain and adaptable and humble person in the future because of the positive outlying effects it brings me and those around me.

An Ancestral Possession

Collector’s Name: Aarushi Kumar

Gender: Male

Occupation: Employed, Computer Engineer

Performance Date: November 30, 2024

Relationship: Father

Age: 54

Nationality: South Asian/Indian

Primary Language: Hindi

Context:

I asked the subject if he’s had any encounters with spirits and if he would like to share. He said of course and gave me the synopsis of 3 options to choose from. I asked him to recite the story you read above because he experienced it first-hand and it was a story that held many morals that hold true with other ancestral ghost stories as well as the culture my interviewee grew up in.

R is the interviewee, A.K is the interviewer.

Transcription:

[R] This is the time when my grandpa was on death bed and uh and everyone was there, all the family was there, and as soon as my grandpa passed away, then, uh,  my, uh, papa’s younger brother- he started acting a little bit differently and he started speaking in my grandpa’s tone- when she had passed away before my grandfather. My grandma, basically, she was inside my dad’s brother and he started speaking in my grandma’s tone and saying that, oh, uh, I wanted to see how my grandpa was leaving this world And so that’s why she came- she wanted to experience that. My dad’s younger brother– he was crying and talking in her tone and crying. So for 5/10 minutes, he was like my grandma- behaving like how my grandma would behave if she was in the world. After 10 minutes or so, she basically left his body and he was normal. This was more than 30 years back. 

[A.K] But you were there?

[R] I was there, yes.

[A.K] How old were you?

[R] I was in, uh, 8th grade. Yeah

[A.K] And you saw it happen?

[R] I saw it happen, yeah.

[A.K] Did you realize what was happening [in the moment]?

[R] I realized something was not normal, but at that time, everyone was going with the flow. I was told later that my grandmother was there in his body. There was many people- everyone was there at that time.

Their thoughts on the story:

[A.K] So why do you think it happened?

[R] So, in Hindu mythology, uh, religion, we believe that- that- soul, we call it as “athma”, it never dies. But then, if the soul never gets peace, then they are basically traveling in the world only. They haven’t gotten peace, so they will find a way to travel and come back to the family and then say what they need. THey may help also- they will come back and forth and back and forth. Also in our Hindu mythology, we say that when your parents die, like both your mother and father, you should do “Pind Daan”. There is a place in India to liberate the soul and they never come back. My dad and the younger brother- my dad’s younger brother- after a few years, they did Pind Daan and my grandma never came back. I think she’s in peace and she never came back. 

[A.K] Do you know why she wasn’t at peace?

[R] She might have had some unfinished business to take care of. That’s what we believe.

My own thoughts:

First and foremost, I think it is very interesting that the interviewee brought up “unfinished business” as a reason for why his grandmother was not able to rest in peace because it is a motif that comes up constantly in studying ghost stories in class and across cultures. 

I chose this subject to tell their story because I knew it would relate directly to their culture. Despite, in class, us briefly discussing how in faiths like Hinduism have no space to logically believe in ghosts because of their beliefs in reincarnation, this subject tells me that many, if not the majority of, Hindus believe in ghosts and have had encounters with spirits before. Despite logic, the majority of individuals believe or have seen ghosts– a common dichotomy seen in many other cultures as well. 

The “Pind Daan” ritual in Hinduism reminds me of another classic motif when analyzing ghost stories- improper burial and rituals. Although the ghost was given a proper burial, in order to fully exercise it, the subject’s family had to perform a ritual to properly send the spirit off. In Hinduism, Pind Daan is a part of a proper send-off, and, therefore, is a part of what makes a proper burial, so it is understandable why the spirit stayed in the real world prior to the ritual– it hadn’t received a full send-off ritual.

Family Comfort

Collector’s Name: Aarushi Kumar

Nationality: Indian

Relationship: Mother 

Occupation: Employed

Performance Date: November 30, 2024

Age: 53

Primary Language: Hindi

Context: When talking about ghost stories with another subject, K willingly chimed in with her story. To maintain confidentiality, names and adjectives suggesting relations to the interviewer have been removed. This recollection has been transcribed from the interviewee’s native language, Hindi, to English. 

A.K is the interviewer, K is the interviewee

Transcription: 

[A.K] Do you see any of your loved ones who have passed away in your dreams?

[K] I have very vivid dreams, yes. I see “Daadi” (the subject’s mother-in-law) more than [her husband] does– he never sees her, but I do. 

[A.K] And what is she doing?

[K] Oh, she’s always doing what she did before she died. Cooking food, sitting at the dining table, chatting on the phone. It’s like she never left.

[K] I often see my mom in my dreams. She appears usually, uh, after big events, like when I got into the car crash– the one by the stop sign– and she’s always there to give me advice. She never speaks- she normally gives me, like, a nod or a smile from the corner [of the room], but that- that is her way of saying what she needs to say. Like when I got married– I did not want to get married at all. I really didn’t! I argued so much with [her father]. But, the night before the wedding, I saw my mother in my dreams with a reassuring smile. That’s how I knew I would be okay, and only then did I feel ready to marry. 

The Subject’s Thoughts: 

[A.K] Why do you think you see her so vividly and only in crucial moments of your life?

[K] She is watching over me. I think she is resting peacefully, but she died so young. She didn’t get to raise her children properly, and I think that is what makes her reappear in my dreams. She wants to raise me, so she.. I think she does it in the afterlife by showing up in my dreams.

My Thoughts: 

K’s story demonstrates a very heartwarming instance of an ancestral ghost story. 

It’s common for people to see their loved ones in their dreams, and, like in K’s story, they often are there to provide some sort of reassurance. For K, her mother appears to her in very anxious moments of her life, and K always feels calmer and more in charge after her appearance. Often, as an adult, there are fewer sources of comfort for people to turn to because you are usually emotionally and physically farther away from your birth family, and this is the case for K as well. Having her mother make appearances, therefore, is very important to K because it’s one of the only times when she can feel not alone. This is especially important to note for K’s instance because K immigrated to the United States and away from her family 3 decades ago. She has been very isolated from her birth family due to this, so these appearances by her deceased mother help bridge the distance between her childhood and her adulthood. 

It is also important to note the cultural background of this story. K had an arranged marriage, a custom that was very standard at the time in India, and her reluctance to get married makes more sense in this context. She would have rather stayed in India with her birth family, but the marriage opened the door to a new family and, soon after, a new home across the globe. Although she is very happy with her life now, K describes how she always misses home. Seeing her mother in her dreams is a way to go back home without physically going back, adding to why it is so comforting for K.